The tradition of “’Iʻrifū Allāh bi Allāh” is a difficult (mushkil) HADITH that has been considered by philosophers, mystics, and HADITH scholars. Some tried to draw the meaning and impact of this narration in the system of Islamic knowledge by using sanad criticisms, while some by explaining and interpreting HADITH with different approaches. Accepting the apparent meaning of this HADITH requires circle and chain, and as it appears from logical and philosophical findings, circle and chain are vicious and invalid. Therefore, this HADITH is a difficult one. This study, using the library method of collecting data, extracting the narrative, and presenting it to other texts, concludes that the existence of the difference between the versions of Kulainī and Sadūq of Mahāsin, with the existing version of Mahāsin al-Barqī and the changes occurred in the sanads, shows the complexity of the sanad. It shows also the ambiguity of the content and makes scholars provide a solution to solve the content and sanad problems of this HADITH. Unlike similar studies, this research does not explain the opinions of philosophers and mystics but tries to provide a solution from the perspective of HADITH knowledge. Traditionists present six meanings of the HADITH to reduce its difficulty. However, looking at the concept of HADITH through traditions of the same family and the same topic and presenting the text of the HADITH to other HADITHs, are a key to better understanding the HADITH, and the criticism and review of the views raised in the explanation of this narration. Presenting and preferring the theory of negative and retributive theology and knowing God according to the negation of attributes, is one of the other achievements of this study, with the approach of explaining HADITHs by other HADITHs.

Among HADITHs narrated from the holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on memorizing and writing HADITH, there is a famous HADITH which is known by HADITH scholars as Arbaeen (Forty HADITHs). It played a significant role in dissemination of forty HADITHs books. Relying on HADITHs and verses of the holy Quran as well as Islamic culture and history, the author of the present paper deals with semiotics of Arbaeen. After mentioning different types of fort HADITHs, he comes up with the analysis of isnad (chain of documents) and refers to Sahifa Imam Rida, peace be upon him, and demonstrates the reliability of it. The final section of this paper is concerned with its HADITH scholarship especially on the different meanings of hifz and answering the raised questions.

نادرستOrientalists have used an argument called the argument of silence in the dating of HADITHs. This argument has caused a great deal of controversy and has led to criticism from Orientalists such as Shakht and Yanbal by Muslim and Western critics. What is challenging in this regard and a place for reflection is the great similarity of the argument of silence of Western HADITH scholars with the rule of "Law Kana Laban" of Shiite jurists. The present article has analyzed the dimensions of these two arguments by comparatively studying the argument of silence of Western HADITH scholars and the rule of "Law Kana Laban" of Shiite jurists. In the argument of silence, the condition is related to the author's condition, but in the rule of "Lu Kan Kan Laban", the condition is determined based on the type of problem - public affliction. In both arguments, the significance of the issue lies in the context. There is also the condition of not hindering registration and publicity in both arguments; However, it is not specified in the argument of silence. These two arguments are effective in dating and validating HADITHs, provided that the conditions for each are met.

The validation of HADITH has an important place among the scholars of HADITH. By using the criteria of critique of documents and texts, they try to distinguish original HADITH propositions from hypothetical or pseudo-HADITH propositions. It seems that so far no attention has been paid to the typology of the propositions of the HADITH, except for the fake HADITH. As a result of applying the criteria of HADITH criticism, it has not been able to refine some HADITH propositions similar to the original HADITH propositions. HADITH-like propositions are one of the types of HADITHs. This article seeks to express the components and origins of HADITH-like propositions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the author came to the conclusion that one of the pseudo-HADITH, is the propositions of the HADITH. Among the phenomenal factors of these propositions, we can mention the verbal beliefs, the importance of the subject and the wrong adaptation.

"Whenever you find a fly in your bowl, make it float, since there is illness in one of its wings and cure in another one. Fly gives priority to poison and postpones cure.”This HADITH is one of the most challenging reports which have been found in the sunni original HADITH collections and Shiite non-original sources. Reliability and unreliability of this HADITH has been the main concern of many discussions and has provided some different views regarding this haith. The author of the present article investigates the position of the above mentioned HADITH in the Sunni and Shiite HADITH books. He also analyzes the presented views in this regard and concludes that the earliest source of this HADITH are of the Sunni origin and such a HADITH with a reliable chain of documents is not found in the reliable Shiite HADITH books.

The author of the present paper first renders a history of Oriental studies in the field of HADITH and then introduces those Orientalists who have worked in this field and views their works. She categorizes their field of HADITH scholarship in their works into four categories.translation, indexing, investigation and verification and research.The last section of this paper deals with the Orientalists schools of thought.

Figurative language is one of the effective methods utilized by the infallible Imams in order to publicize the divine message and present a sharp and vivid image of religious facts. The author of the present paper tries to demonstrate some of these wonderful images in the Infallible Imams sayings.

The West of Islamic World along with Hejaz, Syria and Iraq besides Iran has formed the three major regions, in the field of Sunni HADITH development, in different periods of Islamic history.This witting is a brief account of the Sunni HADITH activities in the West of Islamic World. The author first deals with the main efforts made by the great Western HADITH scholars and their outstanding works as well as the role of the West and East of Islamic world in disseminating HADITH. Demonstrating the Western studies in the field of HADITH scholarship, the author views outflow of HADITH into the West and its entry in addition to its development from a geographical perspective and also make a mention of some characteristics of these HADITH centers.  

HADITHes have appeared foe different persons in different places and different times, and have narrated by different transmitters, so they had changed, because it is long times since they had transmitted and the transmitters and for reasons had devided HADITHes, so some of documents which could determined the conditions of place and time has removed. Knowledge is called Mokhtalef - ul - HADITH which is a part of Feq - ul- HADITH (Underlying of HADITH). Concentration on innocents" (P.b.u.th) spraches (HADITH) showes that they tried on preservation of correct HADITH and They teachiong to their companions, their ways of recognition of correct HADITHes. This paper with the reaserch on some of the HADITH and jurisprudence sorces wants to showthat in spite of all scholars attempt to the meaning of HADITH and the removing of diffrences, it is necessary to concentrate on text of HADITH (Matn).

HADITH al-Iftiraq is a famous HADITH attributed to Prophet Muhammad (s) in many Shi‘i and Sunni HADITH collections, as well as in heresiographical sources. Among many books written by contemporary heresiographers, few have failed to mention this HADITH in their writings. Many Shi‘i and Sunni traditionists have collected the traditions that deal with the future of the Muslim ummah under such titles as the HADITH of fitan (tribulations), iftiraq al-ummah (division of ummah), or ittiba‘ sunan man mada (lit., following the ways of those who have passed). However, it seems that none of the above traditions have been more welcomed by heresiographers and apologists than the HADITH iftiraq al-ummah. This article will analyze this HADITH and its different versions and various interpretations, especially the identity of the only sect that, according to the HADITH, will be saved in the Hereafter.